The Nobel Prize is a prominent annual prize, awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economics. This award is given by Swedish and Norwegian committees in the recognition of cultural and or scientific advances. Swedish Inventor Alfred Nobel formed the prized in 1895. In 1901 prizes were awarded first time in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Later Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was created in the year 1968. Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway where the prizes in other department are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel Prize is considered as the most prestigious award in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace and economics.
Nobel Prize Winners in Physics: Click Here
Rabindranath Tagore was the only Indian Nobel literature laureate. In 1913, In his acceptance speech, he said, “I beg to convey to the Swedish Academy my grateful appreciation of the breadth of understanding which has brought the distant near, and has made a stranger a brother.”
These awards are awarded yearly and the laureate given Nobel Prize will be awarded with gold medal, diploma and a sum of money decided by the Nobel Foundation. Each Prize can be share between 3 people at the same time as per the rules prescribed by Nobel Foundation. Alfred Nobel who was chemist, engineer and inventor by profession was born on 21st October 1833. He made almost 355 inventions in life where dynamite is the most famous invention among his inventions. He shocked to read his own obituary titled the merchant of death is dead in a French news paper. This is the mistake done by news paper they printed his obituary instead of his brothers Ludvig obituary. He inspired from this incident and put great efforts to present Nobel Prize Peace Prize. Later on 10th December 1896 Alfred Nobel died in his villa in Italy. Later after his death Nowegian Nobel Committee appointed a Nobel Peace Prize Committed and slowly this committee awarded prizes in different fields.
Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry: Click Here
Later Nobel Foundation was established as a private organization in the year 29th June 1990 with the function of financing and organizing administrations of Nobel Prizes. Chairman of the board is appointed by Swedish King in Council.
NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize.
NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
The literature prize was given to Canada’s Alice Munro, hailed by the award-giving Swedish Academy as a “master of the contemporary short story.” The 82-year-old author is often called “Canada’s Chekhov” for her astute, unflinching and compassionate depiction of seemingly unremarkable lives. She is the author of a series of story collections chronicling the lives of girls and women before and after the 1960s social revolution, including “The Moons of Jupiter,” ‘The Progress of Love” and “Runaway.”
NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
The chemistry prize was given to three U.S.-based scientists for developing computer models that predict complex chemical reactions that can be used for tasks like creating new drugs. Their approach combined classical physics and quantum physics. The winners are Martin Karplus of the University of Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University; Michael Levitt of the Stanford University School of Medicine, and Arieh Warshel of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
The physics prize was awarded for a theory about how subatomic particles get their mass. The theory made headlines last year when it was confirmed at the CERN laboratory in Geneva by the discovery of the elusive Higgs particle. The prize was shared by two men who proposed the theory independently of each other in 1964: Peter Higgs of Britain and Francois Englert of Belgium.
NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
The medicine prize, the first of the 2013 awards, honored breakthroughs in understanding how key substances are moved around within a cell. That process happens through vesicles, tiny bubbles that deliver their cargo within a cell to the right place at the right time. Disturbances in the delivery system can lead to neurological diseases, diabetes or immunological disorders. The prize was shared by Americans James E. Rothman of Yale and Randy W. Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and German-American Dr. Thomas C. Sudhof of the Stanford University School of Medicine.
Indian citizen laureates:
The following are Nobel laureates who were Indian citizens at the time they were awarded the prize.
| Year | Laureates | Subject | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1913 | Rabindranath Tagore | Literature | First non-European laureate. As a British Indian subject, knighted in 1913 (renounced in 1919 in protest over the Jalianwala Bagh Massacre). |
| 1930 | C. V. Raman | Physics | Knighted (as a British Indian subject) in 1929. |
| 1979 | Mother Teresa | Peace | An ethnic Kosovar Albanian from the region of Yugoslavia now in the Republic of Macedonia; became a naturalised Indian citizen in 1948. |
| 1998 | Amartya Sen | Economics | |
| 2014 | Kailash Satyarthi | Peace | face of the Indian movement Bachpan Bachao Andolan against child labour since the 1990s |
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